John Dalton, in 1808 proposed that the atom is the smallest indivisible particle of matter. The gap decreases in the conductor, and the gap is intermediate in the semiconductor. This gap also helps determine the electrical property of the material that the gap increases. Between these bands (valence and conduction band), the gap is called the forbidden energy gap. The two energy bands are the conduction band and valence band. Each electron is found in any of these energy bands. Energy LevelĪtoms have energy bands and energy gaps. A proton attracts an electron by the fact that opposite charges attract each other while two electrons repel each other. The electron is negatively charged because the proton is positively charged. A coulomb is the unit of the electric current. Like all elementary particles, electrons also exhibit properties of both particles and waves, which is that they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light.Īccording to the International System (SI) of Units, a unit of charge is called a coulomb and is denoted by the symbol C. The electron charge is the fundamental physical constant, which represents the naturally occurring unit of electric charge which has a value of 1.602 X 10 -19. Electron ChargeĮlectrons are present with an electric charge of negative 1, and their mass is one by 1830 times the mass of neutrons and protons. In simple terms, the charge of an atom is the number of protons minus the number of electrons. ChargeĪ charge is a physical property that causes matter to experience a force within an electromagnetic field. The charge of an electron is equal to the charge of a proton. For an electric current electron, it plays the role of primary element. ElectronsĮlectrons are negatively charged subatomic particles present inside the atom. But, the glass rod and wool attracted each other. The two strands of wool and two pieces of silk cloth, with which the rods were rubbed, also repel each other. It was found that if two glass rods rubbed with wool or silk cloth when brought close to each other, they repel. Many pairs of materials which on rubbing could attract light objects like straw, pith balls, and bits of paper. The name electricity is taken from the Greek word electron, meaning amber. It carries a negative charge ( 1.6 X 10 -19 C). Electrons were discovered as a result of a study of cathode rays by JJ Thomson.
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